timeline – The Reformation

HISTORICAL LANDMARKS

A TIME LINE FOR THE ULSTER SCOTS AND A BACKCLOTH TO THE

EMIGRATION FROM SCOTLAND AND IRELAND 1600 -1840

Year

1603 Irish revolt suppressed by Mountjoy. Accession of James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England and Ireland; pursues `Divine Right` policies aiming to be supreme in both State and Church throughout Britain. Fire and Sword of MacGregors; transportation to Ireland for rebels, Border Reivers

banished to Ireland (or hanged)

1607 Hamilton and Montgomery Settlements in Co Antrim and Co. Down. First Orr`s in Ulster; James Orr & Janet McClement of Ballyblack,

Co Down.

1610 Plantation of Ulster – mainly Scottish Presbyterian settlers -lasted

until ca 1630

1612 Episcopacy
enforced on the Church in Scotland.

1620 Pilgrim Fathers
in America

1624 Richlieu First Minister in France. English driven out of Spice Islands by

Dutch

1625 James dies 27 March. Charles I follows same policies of supremacy, and

episcopacy in the Church but not as subtle as his father.

1628 Petition of Right by Commons to Charles I. Duke of Buckingham

murdered.

1629 War with France
over (1629) and Spain (1630).
Charles I starts his “Personal
Rule” by royal prerogative.

1633 Thomas Wentworth, later Earl of Strafford, Lord Deputy of Ireland, persecutes the Presbyterians. Archbishop William Laud seeks changes that are near Catholic practices and

adornment.

1636 “Eaglewing”
sails for America, put back by storms.

1637 Laud`s Liturgy imposed; Jenny Geddes throws her stool at Dean Hannay in St Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh. Revolution ,

sometimes called the Second Reformation, begins.

1638 The National
Covenant widely signed in Scotland

1639 First Bishops
War Charles I comes to terms with Scots.

1640 Second Bishops War. Charles defeated by Scots. Long Parliament begins the

abolition of Royal Prerogatives

1641 Massacre of Protestants in Irish Rebellion. Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Stafford, impeached and executed. Grand Remonstrance of

the House of Commons to Charles I.

1642 Outbreak of
English Civil War

1643 Mazarin Chief Minister in France. French beat Spanish at Rocroi. The National League and Covenant secures services of Scots

army for the English Parliamentarians.

1644 Marston Moor, decisive battle. North of England lost to Charles. Tippenmuir: Montrose begins his victorious campaign

in Scotland (lasts until Sept 1645)

1645 New Model Army crushed Royalist army at Naseby .Montrose finally loses at

Battle of Phillihaugh. Archbishop Laud executed.

1646 Charles I
surrenders to Scots.

1647 Charles I handed over to Parliamentarians but seized by the Army. Charles manages to flee to Carisbrooke Castle, on the Isle of Wight. Makes the “Engagement” with Scottish nobles to

attack England.

1648 Second Civil War. New Model Army defeats Scots & Royalists. Colonel Pride`s Purge of Parliament, remodels the

legislature in England. The army is clearly in charge.

1649 Charles I executed. England governed as a Commonwealth. Cromwell in

Ireland. Scots declare Charles II as king.

1651 Battle of Worcester. Cromwell now controls all Britain. Charles II

in exile.

1652 Anglo Dutch War
begins (to 1654)

1653 Cromwell dissolves Rump. Becomes Lord Protector. Proposals to transport Presbyterians from Antrim to Kilkenny and

Tipperary but not pursued.

1658 Death of
Cromwell 3 September.

1659 Peace of
Pyrenees France now greatest power in Western Europe

1660 Restoration of the Monarchy. Charles II returns to England. Takes his revenge on the Presbyterians in Scotland and the non

conformists in England. Declared in Dublin 14 May 1660.

1661 Mazarin dies. Louis XIV personal rule “Clarendon Code” Persecution of Non Conformists in England; 60 ministers ejected in

Ulster.

1662 St Bartholomews Day,24 August, ejection of about 2000 nonconformist ministers in England. Nearly 400 ministers ejected in Scotland. Act of Settlement in Ireland 31 July

1662 settles ownership of land for Cromwell`s appointees.

1663 Detested Curates fill vacancies in Scottish churches. Twenty Mile Act bans ejected ministers from living in or near

their old parish.

1664 Second Anglo Dutch War (ends 1667) English take New York Court of High Commission persecutes Presbyterians in Scotland. Star

Chamber does the same to English non conformists.

1665 Great Plague of London, 70,000 dead. Act of Explanation in Ireland

makes Cromwellian land owners give up one third of lands.

1666 Great Fire of London. Pentland Rising and battle of Rullion Green

28 November.

1667 Dutch Fleet in the River Medway (Kent). War of Devolution begins; first

of Louis XIV’s aggressions.

1669 Assertory Act (supremacy of the King); First Indulgence in

Scotland, divides the Church.

1670 Secret Treaty of Dover – Charles II and Louis XIV. Laws tighten on

non conformists; conventicles banned in Scotland.

1672 Third Anglo Dutch War (ends 1674) William of Orange leads Dutch against French invasion. Indulgences in England and (2nd)

in Scotland.

1673 Test Act deprives English Catholics and Non Conformists of public

offices.

1675 Swedes defeated by Gt Elector at Fehrbellin. – rise of Prussia. Chain of 13 garrisons in south west Scotland to keep order. Letters

of Intercommuning issued against 100 ministers.

1677 Martial Law declared in Scotland 11 December. William of Orange

marries Mary, elder daughter of Duke of York (James II).

1678 The `Bond`
against conventicles imposed with great resentment.
The Highland Host in Ayrshire Jan/Feb. Titus Oates – “Popish Plot” pressure on Charles

1679 Persecution of Scottish Covenanters in earnest. Habeus Corpus Act introduced. Archbishop Sharp murdered in May; battles of Drumclog and Bothwell Brig in June. Third Indulgence in

Scotland. Crown sinks off Orkney,211 Covenanters drowned.

1680 Declaration of Sanquhar a declaration of war. Richard Cameron and

brother killed at Ayrsmoss.

1681 Oxford Parliament; Charles II overcomes opponents and rules without Parliament. Test Act enforces holders of official posts to take the oath. Act of Succession makes clear that Catholic brother James will succeed to the

throne.

1683 Rye House
Plot, to assassinate the King and his brother, fails.

1684 Oppression continues in Scotland. James Renwick issues his Admonitory Vindication; the government introduces the Abjuration Oath and authorises execution by shooting

in the presence of two witnesses. The Killing Time
begins.

1685 King Charles II dies 6 February. Sedgemoor, Monmouth’s rebellion crushed by James II. Earl of Argyll`s rebellion

fizzles out for lack of support; he is executed.

The Killing Time ends
in October. Revocation of Edict of Nantes – Louis XIV persecutes French Protestants.

Richard Talbot created Earl of Tyrconnell

1686 Tyrconnell
appointed commander Irish Army 5 June 1686.

1687 Tyrconnell appointed Lord Deputy in Ireland; friction

mounts.

1688 Seven Bishops protest against James II policy of toleration. William of Orange and Mary invited to take the throne. Scotland joins in that invitation. William lands in England – The Glorious Revolution is achieved. 5 November 1688 William of Orange with 14,000 troops lands in Devon, 7 Dec. Gates of Derry closed by the Apprentice Boys preventing the entry of the Earl of Antrim`s

regiment. 23 December 1688 James flees.

1689 Richard Hamilton defects to Tyrconnel. 3 February William & Mary accept the Bill of Rights and the throne. 12 March James lands at Kinsale, Co. Cork. 14 March 1689 Break of Dromore, Protestants defeated.18 April Derry refuses to submit to James II. Derry relieved after siege of 105 days; James II fails to subdue Irish Protestants. Killecrankie – death of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee, collapse of Highland Rising. 7 May – 18 May 1689 James holds an Irish Parliament. England declares war on France.18 June 1689 – proclamation about use of brass money. 22 June the Restoration land settlement is repealed by Irish Parliament.27 Juy 1689 Enniskillen volunteers defeat James` army at Newtownbutler, Co. Fermanagh. 13 August 1689 Gen. Schomberg lands at Bangor, Co. Down.

1690 12 March 1690 French troops under Gen Lauzon land in Cork. 30 June 1690 Beachy Head – French victory over Anglo Dutch fleet. 1 July 1690 William III defeats James II at The Boyne. 4 July James flees to France from Kinsale. Settlement of the Presbyterian Church in Scotland as the Church`by law

established`.

1691 3 October 1691Treaty of Limerick; surrender of James II supporters on conditions which are not met. 22 Dec. Sarsfield and

12,000 troops sails for France.

1692 Massacre of
Glencoe – Governments ‘lesson’ to Highlanders.

1693 National Debt
created

1694 Bank of England
founded.

1707 Act of Union –
English and Scottish Parliaments united.

1710 – 20 Surge in
migrations from Ulster to American colonies.

1713 Peace of
Utrecht, advantageous peace with France.

1714 Death of Queen
Anne. George I to throne – Whig oligarchy rules

1715 Jacobite rising
defeated at Preston and Sherriffmuir.

1716 Septennial Act:
Parliament prolongs its life from three to seven years

1721 Robert Walpole
Prime Minister

1727 First indemnity
Act for Non Conformists

1730 -40 Another increase in migration from Ulster to American

Colonies.