Time Line
|
The English Reformation after the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485). |
|||||
| Date | Event | Reign | Abp. Canterbury | Pope | Contemporary events |
| 1485 | Wars of Roses ends. Henry Tudor proclaimed King |
Henry VII 1485-1509 |
John Morton 1486-1500 |
Innocent III 1484 | |
| 1490 | John Colet (1467-1519) leader of reform movement at Oxford, Dean of St Pauls. | Alexander VI 1492 | 1494 Sebastian Brandt publishes Narranschiff.
Melanchthon born 16 February 1497 23 May 1498 Savonarola (1452-98) burnt. |
||
| 1503-32 | Margaret Tudor marries James IV of Scotland. Persecutions of Lollards begins. |
Henry Deane 1501-03. Wm.Warham 1503-32 |
Pius III 1503
Julius III 1503 |
||
| 1509 | Henry VIII marries Catharine of Arragon. | Henry VIII 1509-47 |
Calvin born 10 July 1509 1510 Erasmus publishes Praise of Folly. Jacques Lefevre preaching in Paris and at Sorbonne. Wm Briconnet, Bp Meaux, reforming his see. 1513 Flodden. James IV Scotland killed. |
||
| 1514 | Peace with Scotland and France.
Richard Hun murdered. |
Leo X 1513 | |||
| 1515 | Thomas Wolsey Lord Chancellor and Cardinal |
Teresa of Avila (1515-82) born. Spanish mystic, ReformedCarmelites. Mysticism disliked by Church of Rome as it does away with the priest. Louis XII d 1 Jan 1515 Francis I King of France. |
|||
| 1516 | Erasmus Greek Testament published. Sir Thomas More publishes Utopia. |
||||
| 1517 – 19 | 1517 Luther`s Thesis.posted at Wittenburg. 1518 Zwingli preaches at Zurich.
1519 Erasmus publishes 2nd edn. of Greek Testament Beza born July 1519 Luther rejects supremacy of Pope and infallibility of general councils. Charles V, nephew of Catharine of Arragon, Emperor. Zwingli begins preaching his “Evangelical Truth.” |
||||
| 1520 | Henry meets Francis I of France on “The Field of the Cloth of Gold” Calais. Achieves nothing. Wolsey commits to support of Spain against France. |
1520 Luther publishes Babylonish Captivity of the Church | |||
| 1521 | Henry VIII writes against Luther, given title Defender of the Faith. | 1521 Luther at Diet of Worms commits himself irrevocably.
Luther Excommunicated. 1522 Luther pub. New Testament. in German Lefevre has NT pub in French. Oct. |
|||
| 1523 | Suppression of small monasteries by Wolsey | Adrian VI 1522 Clement VII 1523 |
Clement VI a reformer in Church of Rome.
Luther publishes translation of New Testament Zurich accepts Zwingli and “Evangelical Truth”. Romanists rejected. NT in French, one vol. pub at Meaux 12 Oct 1524. 1524-5 Widespread discontent leads to The Peasant`s War in Germany. |
||
| 1525 | Bulk supplies of forbidden books inc. Tyndale`s English New Testament just published. Thos. Garret distributor. |
21 Jan 1525, Anabaptists rejected in Zurich and create their own free church.
Psalms of David in French. |
|||
| 1526 | 11 Feb. Amid great pomp Wolsey and 36 bishops, abbots, priors supervise burning of Tyndale`s New Testament at St Pauls, | 11 June 1526, Luther married Catherine de Bora, a former nun.
25 June Diet of Speyers met. |
|||
| 1527 | Henry VIII application to the Pope for a divorce. | Charles V holds Rome. | |||
| 1528 | Henry VIII`s Oration to the People.
John Raimund or Ruremonde of Amsterdam pubr.1500 copies 4th Edn New Testament, Imported 500 to England. |
June-Sep Sweating sickness in England.2000 die in London alone. | |||
| 1529 | Sir Thomas More Chancellor. Break with church – first layman for ca 120 years. | 1529 Diet of Speyer, origin of title Protestant after `protestors` there. Tyndale and Fryth pub. translations of Genesis and Deuteronomy. |
|||
| 1530 |
Thomas Hitton arrested and burnt 20 Feb.1530,for trafficking New Testament Wolsey dismissed; dies 28 November 1530. |
1530 Lutheran princes Confession of Faith made at Augsburg. Defensive league at Smalkald. 1530 Antwerp Bible pub. |
|||
| 1531 | Submission of the clergy. Bilney burnt. Richard Bayfield, priest, monk, bookseller, degraded and burnt. |
1531 Protestants vs Romanaists war – Zwingli killed at Kappel in October.
Oecolampadius d 5,11.1532 in Basle. |
|||
| 1533 | Cranmer & Gardiner pronounce Henry`s marriage to Catherine null and void. | Thomas Cranmer 1533-53. |
|||
| 1534 | Papal Bull against divorce of Henry & Catherine of Arragon
9 June 1534 Papal authority abolished First Reformed Primer published. |
1534 Society of Jesus founded by Ignatius of Loyola.(1491 or 1496-1556) All Catholic ordinands pass through his Spiritual Exercises – a 4 week retreat of meditation and instruction. 1534 First complete German Luther Bible at Wittenberg. |
|||
| 1535 | Sir Thomas More exec.6 July.
Thomas Cromwell appointed Vicar-General, First complete printed bible (Coverdale`s). Visitations of the monasteries. |
Paul III 1534 |
Calvin`s Institutes published. Paul III initiates reform of Church, Calvin`s cousin Pierre Olivetan pub. Neuchatel Bible, basis for definitive Geneva Bible in 1588. |
||
| 1536 | Suppression of lesser monasteries Henry VIII devises his Book of Articles. Injunctions against Holy Days. Northern rising on religious issues. |
Wm. Tyndale (1492-1536) strangled and burnt at Vilvorde.
Erasmus dies (1466-1536) |
|||
| 1537 | Pilgrimage of Grace. Royal Licence to Matthews Bible. | ||||
| 1538 | Pope excommunicates and deposes Henry VIII. | ||||
| 1539 | The Great Bible (revison of Matthew Bible by Coverdale) pub. Suppression of all monasteries. Act of the Six Articles. |
||||
| 1540 | Thomas Cromwell executed 28 July. Garret preacher & bookseller burnt |
1540 Pope recognises Society of Jesus
1541 Clement Marot produces Psalms in metre. 1542 Calvin`s ecclesiastical polity in Geneva. |
|||
| 1543 | Tyndale`s translation prohibited. | 1542 Inquisition revived in Italy, deterrent against spread of Protestantism.
20 more Psalms by Marot. Psalter pub. in Geneva. |
|||
| 1544 | Introduction of English Litany | ||||
| 1545 | The King`s Primer | 1545 Ship Mary Rose sank Council of Trent first session 1545-7;- the Counter-Reformation begins. |
|||
| 1546 | Anne Askew and others burnt for denying- transubstantiation.
Many books prohinited inc. Tyndale`s and Coverdale`s translations. |
Death of Luther |
|||
|
The Protestant Protectorate 1547-1553. |
|||||
| 1547 | Duke of Somerset Protector. Visitation of churches and Injunctions issued. First Book of Homilies. Preaching of Latimer, Hooper, Ridley, Knox, Bradford. |
Edward VI 1547-53 |
1547-53 Peter Martyr at Oxford; Martin Bucer and Paul Fagius at Cambridge. | ||
| 1548 | Introduction of English Communion Service. | ||||
| 1549 | First Prayer Book of Edward VI, and Act of Uniformity passed. Northumberland Protector. | ||||
| 1552 | Somerset executed. Second Prayer Book of Edward VI. and Uniformity Act. Chantries guilds etc suppressed. | Julius III. 1550 | Council of Trent, second main session 1551-2; | ||
| 1553 | The XLII Articles produced.
Within weeks of Mary`s accession many prelates replaced by those of the `true faith`. |
Mary I 1553-58 |
Servitus burnt by Calvin in Geneva. | ||
|
The Catholic Reaction 1553- 1558. |
|||||
| 1554 | June.Wyatt`s insurrection July, Marriage of Mary and Philip of Spain November. Reconciliation with Rome Surrender to papacy. |
||||
| 1555 | Southwark Commission (January). Martyrdoms begin (February).
Latimer and Ridley burnt at Oxford 15 Oct. |
Marcellus III for 3 weeks.
Paul VI.1555 |
Frankfort dispute -emergence of `Puritans.` Treaty of Augsburg
did not recognise Calvinism. leading to conflict especially in Germany. |
||
| 1556 | Cranmer burnt at Oxford (21 March) .
Seditious writings of Protestant exiles. |
Cardinal Reginald Pole (22 March 1556-18 Nov 1558.) | Paul VI a reformer in Church of Rome. | ||
| 1557 | Geneva Testament. Famine and pestilence in England. New Testament with numbered verse; Psalms pub. |
Philip of Spain embroils England in war with France. Charles V retires to a monastery. | |||
| 1558 | Death of Mary (17 November). Death of Cardinal Pole (18 November). | Death of Charles V. England loses Calais. | |||
|
Protestantism Re-established 1558. |
|||||
| 1559 | Royal supremacy restored. Second revision of Book of Common Prayer issued with Act of Uniformity. Court of High Commission appointed. Statutes against heresy repealed. | Elizabeth I 1558-1603 |
Matthew Parker 1559-75. | Pius IV 1559 | 1559 Pius IV progresses first index of prohibited publicationa Tridentine Index published 1564. |
| 1560 | Scots Regent, Mary of Guise dies Presbyterianism established in Scotland. Elizabeth supportive. “Geneva Bible” published. |
1560 Death of Melanchthon. 1561 Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, returned to Scotland from France. 17 August 1560 Reformation in Scotland. |
|||
| 1562 | Jewel`s Apology for the Church of England published. Second Book of Homilies. | 1562 Death of Peter Martyr. Council of Trent third main session. Wars of Religion in France 1562-95. |
|||
| 1563 | Foxe`s Book of Martyrs published. | Council of Trent closed. Confirmed direction of Church for many years to come. | |||
| 1564 | Advertisements concerning Vestments. Thirty seven London clergy decline to conform to clerical vestments. | Death of Calvin 27 May 1564 1565 Beza`s Latin Testament published. English college at Douai founded. 1567 Mary, Queen of Scots deposed; flees to England 1568. |
|||
| 1568 | Bishop`s Bible published.
Miles Coverdale (1486-1568) died. |
Pius V 1565 | Persecution of Protestants by Alva in Netherlands (Spanish province),18,000 killed. |
||
| 1569 | Catholic revolt in North of England (in support of Mary, Queen of Scots). | ||||
| 1570 | Pope excommunicates Queen Elizabeth. Thomas Cartwright expelled from Cambridge . | ||||
| 1571 | Philip of Spain and Ridolfi plot to put Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne of England. Severe laws against Catholics. Elizabeth sanctions the XXXIX Articles . |
||||
| 1572 | Parliament demands death of Mary, Queen of Scots.(exec. 1587).
Knox dies, 24 November 1572. |
Gregory XIII, 1572. | St Bartholomew`s Day Massacre – 24 August 1572. |
||
| 1576 | Bible banned by Abp Parker. (amended side Notes). | 1576 Catholic League in Europe led by Guise family. Machinations to aid Mary QoS.
1578 Roman Catholic revision Louvain Bible pub. 1579 Seven northern provinces of Netherlands unite to form Dutch Republic. |
|||
| 1581 | Law against Recusants following influx of Jesuits. | Edmund Grindel 1576-83 | |||
| 1582 | Throckmorton`s plot to kill Elizabeth and reinstate papal rule. Court of High Commission pursues Puritans. |
1582 Gregorian Calendar introduced.
Roman Catholic trans. Rheims -Douai Bible.(NT Rheims 1582; OT Douai 1609-10). |
|||
| 1584 | John Whitgift 1583-1604. | James VI Scotland asserts Divine Right and his supremacy of the church in Scotland. | |||
| 1586 | Babington`s plot in support of Mary, Queen of Scots. | Sixtus V 1585 | |||
| 1587 | Mary, Queen of Scots, executed.18 Feb. | ||||
| 1588 | Spanish Armada defeated. | Definitive Geneva Bible pub. | |||
| 1598 | 1593-1600 Irish rebellions under O`Neill, Earl of Tyrone. 1593 Henry IV of France becomes Catholic. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) born
1598 Edict of Nantes French Protestants guaranteed religious freedom (until 1685 when revoked by Louis XIV and persecution of the Huguenots ). |
||||
| 1599-1602 | Irish revolt, Essex fails to resolve it. Mountjoy succeeds.
1601 Elizabethan Poor Law. |
Urban VII 1590 Gregory XIV 1590 Innocent IX 1591
Clement VIII 1592 |
1600 English East India Company founded. 1602 Dutch East India Company founded. |
||
| 1603 | Elizabeth I dies. James Stuart, VI of Scotland and I of England.
Great Britain formed Protestantism secured but Divine Right policies of Stuart Kings exacerbate religious issues . Millenary Petition. 1604 Hampton Court Conference. Puritans disappointed. 1685 Charles II dies a papist. |
James VI/I | Richard Bancroft 1604 -10 George Abbot 1611-33 William Laud 1633 -45 Wm, Juxon 1660-63 Gilbert Sheldon 1663-70 Wm. Sancroft 1678-90 John Tillotson 1691-94 Thos Tenison
1695-1715. |
1622 Gregory XV founded Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith aka the Propaganda. Seeks to bring Catholic Missions under Vatican control.
Blaise Pascal (1623 -1662) Religious thinker.-truth through the heart. Political events in Europe 1493-1621 Time Line for Scotland 1600-1837. |
|
| Last amended 18/07/2011 |