Peden – The Reformation
poverty.
For a while Peden was a teacher in Tarbolton during which time he was falsely accused of wronging a woman. He was at risk of being excommunicated when evidence was produced of his innocence but the experience left a scar and may well be the reason why he never married. Peden`s next step was , in 1659, to seek ordination into the church and no less than five times appeared before the Presbytery of Lanark and Biggar before his licence was granted. He was ordained and appointed to the parish of New Luce in Galloway but his stay was brief as in 1663 along with so many other ministers, he was compelled to leave the church. Thus began twenty three years of wandering the hills and moors of South West Scotland from the Clyde, through Renfrewshire, his homeland of Ayrshire into the depths of Dumfries and Galloway , and across the Irish Sea in Ulster where he preached at Kells and Glenwherry, Co Antrim between 1679 and 1681 and made later
visits in 1682 and 1684.
He was undoubtedly a gifted preacher and would present his sermon in homely ways, that the populace could understand. His manner of delivering a sermon with the occasional halt and aside discussion with an unseen third party , or an apparent conversation aside with God, added to his reputation. A vivid speaker he was credited with almost supernatural powers because he almost routinely escaped the soldiers seeking him out. Not only did he escape pursuers many times but it was on occasion because of swirling mists and sudden severe weather cloaking him from the dragoons, thus adding to his mystique. A shrewd assessor of his fellow man and the issues that beset the Covenanters gave meaning to his reputation as a prophet although his forecasts were more likely the result of keen observation of men, politics and a wisdom garnered over many years of strife. Among his prophesies were that at Rullion Green and Bothwell Brig “ the
saints will be broken, killed, taken and fled “
A well known prophecy of Peden`s concerned
John Brown, known as “The
Christian Carrier “ who on 1 May 1685 refused to take the Abjuration Oath, and a search of his home revealed treasonable papers and weapons. He was condemned on the spot by Claverhouse and shot in front of his wife, Isabel Weir, and children fulfilling a prophecy that Peden had made in 1682 when he had married them.
At that time he said:
“You have a good man to be your husband , but you will not enjoy him long; prize his company, and keep linen by you to be his winding sheet, for you will need it when ye are not looking for it, and it will be a
bloody one “
The tale is told of a trip to Ulster and County Antrim in 1682 where he took work threshing corn for local farmer William Stiel at Glenwherry, thereby gaining a modest wage, a bed in the barn but also time to think and pray. However, a servant told of his praying and he was obliged to reveal his identity only to be received into the house as an honoured guest by the farmer and his family. On another occasion he displayed a brave recklessness by escaping from pursuing dragoons by plunging into an icy river in spate, leaving the pursuers on the far shore afraid to take the plunge. In yet another incident he and his party were chased by dragoons when , it is said, Peden prayed for help and a thick mist descended under cover of which they
escaped
Howie,
in Scots Worthies describes the event thus:
“Let us pray here , for if the Lord hear not our prayers and save us , we are all dead men…. “Lord it is Thy enemy`s day, hour and power;they may not be idle. But hast Thou no other work for them but to send them after us ? Send them after them to whom Thou wiltt give strength to flee, for our strength is gone. Twine them about the hill, Lord, and cast the lap of Thy cloak over Old Sandy, and thir poor things, and save us this one time; and we`ll keep it in remembrance, and tell it to the commendation of Thy goodness, pity and compassion, what Thou didst for us
at such a time.”
Whether Divine Providence or not, tales such as these soon became lore and gained for Peden a reputation which of itself concerned the authorities who feared the power and influence he exercised. This was enhanced by the fact that Peden often used a curious mask to disguise himself in his travels during The Killing Time. Very
crude by
today`s standards the mask is made of leather, with
real teeth fixed in the mouth and human hair attached to the forehead but in the days of flickering lamps and candles it must have served its purpose. The mask is today in the National Museum of Scotland , Edinburgh, as is Peden`s well thumbed
Bible.
He was not directly involved in the Pentland Rising in 1666 but good fortune ran out in June 1673 when he was captured while holding a conventicle at Knockdow, near Ballantrae in South Ayrshire. He was brought before the Privy Council and sentenced to imprisonment on the Bass Rock where he was held for four years and three
months – until
October 1677. From the Bass Rock he was moved to
the Tolbooth in Edinburgh where he spent another eighteen months. In December 1678 he, with sixty seven others, was sentenced to banishment and put on board the “St Michael “ to be taken to
Virginia. This scene of another glimpse into the future, when Peden prayed on behalf of a fellow deportee James Law
“
lord, let not James Law`s wife miss her husband, until thou return him to her in peace and safety, which we are sure will be sooner than
either he or she is looking for.”
On board ship Peden
also reassured his fellows that
“
If we were once in London we will all be set
at liberty “
In the event, the ship was delayed five days and when it put into London there was nobody to receive them. The captain who was to take them to Virginia refused to take them when he found out that they were good Christians, and not the thieves and vagabonds he had believed were to be transported. At this the captain of the St Michael declined to provision his sixty prisoners, and put them ashore. Thus freed they were treated well by the people of Gravesend and most of the prisoners made their way back to
Scotland; and fulfilling yet another Peden prophesy .
Peden returned to Scotland where for the next seven years he divided his time between Scotland and Ulster going as he called it “ from one bloody land to the other bloody land“ He returned for the last time in February 1685. Peden was not in fact a Cameronian although he was as severe a critic as any of the government and prelacy , and supported the Duke of Argyll`s rebellion to remove a Popish king from the throne. For many years he and
James Renwick, the leader of the
Cameronians after the death of Richard Cameron at Ayrsmoss, held each other in respect even though of differing opinions on some matters, and were
reconciled as Peden lay upon his death bed.
The end came for Peden on 26 January 1686 after he had returned to his brother`s home at Ten Shilling Side, Auchinleck.. There was a concealed cave nearby to which Peden would retire at night. Two days before he died he left the cave and went to his brother`s house where his sister in law remonstrated with him insisting
that he return to the safety of the cave. Peden refused saying
“ I have done with that for it is discovered. But there is no matter , for within forty eight hours I will be beyond the reach of all the devils` temptations and his instruments in hell and on earth, and they shall trouble me no
more. “
Within three hours the troopers came and found the cave but not Peden who hid in a pile of straw. After the soldiers had gone away Peden told his friends to bury him where they would, and prophesied he would be lifted
again; within in a few hours he died.
As he had foretold, there was no peace for him in death as the government continued to hound him. The Boswell family were so concerned for his body that they had it re interred secretly in their family vault. But some forty days after he had died, and despite protests of the Boswell family and the Countess of Dumfries, soldiers took the body to the place of execution, a hill above Cumnock , and hung it on the gibbet. When it was eventually cut down the body was buried again, this time at the foot of the gibbet as if a common criminal. Time has been a great healer for little by little the local people buried their loved ones alongside Alexander Peden thus creating a new and hallowed
graveyard.
In 1891 a monument paid for by public subscription was erected with the
following inscription
In Memory of ALEXANDER PEDEN [ A native of
Sorn ]
THAT FAITHFUL MINISTER OF CHRIST,WHO. FOR HIS UNFLINCHING ADHERENCE TO THE COVENANTED REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND,WAS EXPELLED BY TYRANT RULERS FROM HIS PARISH OF NEW LUCE,IMPRISONED FOR YEARS ON THE BASS ROCK BY HIS PERSECUTORS,AND HUNTED FOR HIS LIFE ON THE SURROUNDING MOUNTAINS AND MOORS, TILL HIS DEATH ON 26TH JANUARY 1686 IN THE 60TH YEAR OF HIS AGE, AND HERE AT LAST , HIS DUST REPOSES IN PEACE,AWAITING THE RESURRECTION OF THE JUST SUCH WERE THE MEN THESE HILLS WHO TRODE STRONG IN THE LOVE AND FEAR OF GOD DEFYING THROUGH THE LONG DARK HOUR, ALIKE THE
CRAFT AND RAGE OF POWER.
ERECTED
IN
1891.
Peden at the Grave of
Cameron ( Mrs A Stuart Menteath)
