time_line Euro politics – The Reformation

Time Line: Political events during The Reformation in Europe 1493-1621. This is only a snapshot of a hugely busy period throughout Europe and beyond. If copying/printing off do so in landscape.
	Holy Roman Empire	Papacy & Italian states.	France	Spain	Year	Portugal	Netherlands	Austria (HRE)	Turkey	Hungary
	Maximilian of Austria (and Netherlands) Emperor.				1493		Philip son of Emperor Maxmilian governor.
		Italy invaded by France			1494
	League of the Empire. Milan and Venice taken from France.		War with HRE in Italy.	Treaty of Tordesillias Spain & Portugal agree to divide unexplored world.	1495
				Hapsburg Spanish marriages	1496		Commercial treaty with England.
	Creation of Aulic Council				1497
		Charles VIII invades Italy, seizes Florence. Savonarola executed.			1498				Take Lepanto from Venice
		French invade take Milan.	Louis XII invades Milan		1499
	Charles V born	Sicily reunited.			1500	Emanuel I 1495-1521 Vasco de Gama discovers India. Brazil discovered.
		Naples taken by France and Spain who then fight one another.			1501
				Moors expelled from Spain.	1502				Peace with Venice
		Julius II – 1513			1503
	Treaty of Blois. Milan to France.		Treaty of Blois, receives Milan.		1504
					1505	Viceroy in Ceylon
					1506		Charles (V) succeeds father Philip. Mother regent.
					1507		Guelderland invades Holland and Brabant.
			War with HRE	Ferdinand V in League with France and Empire vs France	1508
	Joins League of Cambrai				1509
					1510	Take Goa
		Holy League against France			1511
	Empire divided into Ten admin.Circles.	Julius II annexes Piacenza and Parma. 5th Lateran Council			1512				Subdue Moldavia
		Leo X – 1521	Alliance with Venice, defeated by Swiss and driven from Italy. 1514.		1513
					1514	Rule Malaya			Battle of Chaldiran Start of wars with Persia.
			Francis I King.		1515				Defeat Persians. Conquer Azerbaijan an Kurdistan
	Luther`s Theses. at Wittenberg	Sale of Indulgences an issue.		Charles I king.	1517				Subjugates Palestine and Syria
	Charles V ( I of Spain) Emperor			Charles I becomes Emperor.	1519
		Field of the Cloth of Gold			1520				Soliman the Magnificent height of powers.
	Diet of Worms	Joins Emperor vs France.			1521
		Clement VII. – 1534			1523
	Peasants War – Germany				1524
			Francis I captured at Pavia. (Italy).		1525
		Holy League of Cognac. vs Emperor.	Gives up claims in Italy and Flanders	Treaty of Madrid	1526				Battle of Mohacs,Turk victory ends Hungarian independence.	John Zapolya King of Magyars.
		Invaded. Rome sacked.			1527
	Protest at Speyers.	Treaty of Barcelona with Emperor.	Siege of Vienna by Turks.		1529		Treaty of Gorichen between Emporer and Egmont of Guelderland.		Besieges Vienna
	Charles V crowned Emperor at Bologna.		Peace of Cambrai, France relinquishes Italy to Spain.		1530

					1532				Marches vs Charles V,2nd invasion Vienna
					1533			Peace with Turkey	Peace with Austria.	Hungary divided with Ferdinand I and Zapolya
		Henry VIII breaks with Rome. Jesuits founded. Paul III – 151549.	Protestants night of the placards. 24 October.		1534				Takes Baghdad.
	Conquers Tunis.; takes Milan.		Alliance with Turks vs Charles V.		1535				Treaty with France Strong sea power
			Savoy and Turin. taken.		1536
		Genoa and Venice unite vs Turks.			1538				Barbarossa naval victory ar Actium, Venice surrenders.
					1540		Revolt of Ghent suppressed.		Soliman supportd Hungary vs ferdinand defeats him.	Zapoyla dies.son John Sigismund ruler.
		Inquisition and censorship of printing established in Rome.			1542	Discovery of japan.			Alliance with France vs Charles V
	War with France in Netherlands				1543		France and Empire fighting.
		Council of Trent 1545- 63			1545
	League with Paul III.				1546
					1547	Inquisition established.			5 year truce	Turkish Hungary formed.Sigismund Prince of transylvania.
					1548				1548-53 war with Ferdinand.
		Julius III – 1555			1550
		Maurice of Saxony declares for Protestants.	Treaty Chambord15 Jan. Supports Lutheran princes.		1552
				Philip marries Mary Tudor	1554
	Peace of Augsburg.allows Lutheranism in Germany. Charles V abdicates favour or brother Ferdinand I	Induces Henry IV to secede from Spanish alliance.	Split with Spain	Philip receives sovereignty of Spain.	1555
		War in Italy vs Spain until 1567. Paul IV – 1559.		War with Papacy in Italy.	1556
		Alva at Rome	Edict of Compiegne , July, vs Calvinists.	Spain dominant in Italy	1557
		French retake Calais. 8 Jan.	Mary QoS married Dauohin Francis 24 April.		1558
		Peace of Cateau Cambresis; City states divided up. Pius IV – 1565	Peace with England and Spain	Peace with England and France.	1559
			Colloquy of Poissy.		1561
	Peace of Prague with Turks		First War of religion; on/off till 1598		1562				Peace with Austria
		Council Trent closed –	Peace of Amboise		1563
	Maxmilian Emperor	Papal Bull breach with Reformers.			1564
					1565				Invade Malta
		Pius V– 1572 Missions to Far East and America			1566		Icinoclastic violence. Philip of Spain exacts revenge on Flemish Protestants. Inquisition established		Aegean Islands conquered.	Turkey invades. Soliman killed.
					1567		Revolt quelled by Alva
	Peace with Turkey.				1568		Military despotism under Alva.		Peace with Austria
					1569				Astrakhan attacked; loss. Conflict with Russia.
		Venice war with Turks	Treaty of St Germaine 8 Aug.		1570				War with Venice.; take Cyprus
		Holy League Spain Rome and venice against Turks Naval victory Lepanto.		Holy League against Turks	1571				War with Holy League. s.
		Gregory XIII – 1585.	St Bartholomew Day massacre 24 August.		1572		`Sea beggars` take Flushing and Brill Revolt in north. Huegenot army from France decimated 17 July..
		Venice makes peace with Turks			1573		Alva recalled, Siege of Haarlem	Austria takes Tunis.	Peace with Venice. Keep Cyprus
			French leave Piedmont	Spain leaves Piedmont	1574		Siege of Leyden. university founded.		Retakes Tunis, ravage Sicily. Moldavia overrun. Murad III
					1575		Union of Holland and Zealand under William of Orange.
	Rudolph II Emperor	Plague in Italy Calvinist preachers expelled Palatinate.	Peace of beaulieu 6 May. Catholic League formed by Guise family	Sack Antwerp	1576		Antwerp sacked , Don John of Austria governor. Pacification of Ghent..	Restriction on Austrian Protestants
			Sixth Religious War., massacre at La Charite sur Loire. Peace of Bergerac.		1577
					1578	Attacks Morocco Henry I king.	Spanish rule in south.		Portugal attacks. Turko – Persian War to 1590.
	Union of Utrecht.				1579		Walloon provinces reconciled to Spain. North forms Republic. Union of Utrecht founds Dutch Republic.		Grand Vizier Sokolli dies; decline of Turkish Empire begins.
			Huguenots of Montauban revolt.		1580	Philip II of Spain invades, becomes King.			Capitulates to Britain,and Fance.in 1581.
					1581	1581-1640 under control of Spain.	States General depose Philip.
		Gregorian Calendar introduced.			1582
	Ernst Bohemia Elector Cologne.Prohibits Ptotestantism.		Alencon,youngest son of Catherine de Medici died 10 June.		1584		Maurice of Nassau Stadtholder.
		Holy League with Spain and France Sixtus V – 1590	Holy League Treaty of Nemours 7 July.	Holy League	1585		Fall of Antwerp.
			Catholic outrage at exec Mary QoS ,18 Feb.	Philip enlists French help – ports and supplies for Armada	1587
			Duke d de Guise ,Cardinal de Bourbon murdered, Dec 23-24.	Spanish Armada defeated.by English.	1588
			Henry III and Navarre allies Henry assassinated 2 August..		1589	English invade.
					1590		Army reorganised.. Maurice takes Breda.
					1591			Peasant unrest	Invades Hungary
		Clement VIII – 1605			1592
	War with Turkey -1606.		Henry IV becomes Catholic. again. 23 july.		1593			War with Turkey	War with Austria
	Assistance for war vs Turks witheld by Protestant princes.				1594					Revolt in Wallachia, Transylvania , Moldavia. Turks massacred.
					1595
			Alliance with Netherlands and England		1596	Sack of Cadiz	Alliance with France and England
		Clement claims estate of dec. Duke of Ferrara			1597			Catholic ascendancy Austria.
			Edict of Nantes. Protestants liberty of worship. End of religious wars.	Philip III 1598-1621	1598		Philip cedes Netherlands to Austria
				Second Armada beaten back by storms.	1599
					1600		Maurice takes Nieupoort
			Treaty of Lyons gain Burgundian possessions.		1601		Maurice takes Sluys. Ostend besieged by Austrians.
		Edict of banishment on Protestants in Bohemia			1602	Dutch East India Co founded.
				Peace with England.	1604		Spinola takes Ostend.
	Catholic revival.	Paul V – 1625; Venice acknowledges superiority.	Catholic revival		1605
					1606				Peace with Austria
					1607		Defeat Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
	Diet of Regensburg. Protestant Union formed.				1608		Hague Congress
	Catholic League under Duke of Bavaria			Twelve Year Truce with Nehterlands	1609		Twelve Year Truce with Spain who recognise Holland`s independence.
			Henry IV assassinated.		1610		Internal religious and political troubles.
		Savoy war with Spain		War with Savoy	1613
				Thirty Years War begins.	1618		National Synod at Dordrecht.
		Gregory XV		War with Holland.	1621		War with Spain