robert__blair – The Reformation
Rev Robert Blair.
The Rev Robert Blair is remembered for his work , and persecution , in both Ulster and Scotland being one of the first Scottish ministers to cross to Ulster in the time of the Plantation
(1610-1630).
The son of John Blair and Beatrix Muir, of Windyedge he was born in 1593, the youngest child of six. His father , a man devoted to prayer, died when he was about five years old from Tuberculosis , a disease that is thought to have contributed to bouts of ill health and ultimately Robert`s death. He was able to go to Glasgow University in 1608 where he met his life long friend David Dickson., and continued his education with his brother William Blair, later minister at Dumbarton. He then became a school teacher in Glasgow having some 150 pupils allotted to his care. It was in this period that he became acquainted with Dr Boyd, Principal of Glasgow College which led to his admittance as Regent or Professor of Philosophy and Greek in 1616. Here he was encouraged by colleaques to read the classical authors and the scriptures which opened his mind to the ministry. He sought to become a minister and began the trials for that role by preaching in the College kirk where his sermons were well
received.
A cloud descended, however, when Dr Boyd retired and Dr John Cameron was brought from France as his replacement. Dr Cameron was of the episcopalian belief and sought to make Robert Blair conform to the Articles of Perth ( which reintroduced ceremony and the rule of the bishops). Blair refused and following some antagonism and pressure from the Archbishop of Glasgow he decided to leave the College in 1623. He was offered several appointments in Glasgow and even in France but very shortly afterwards he received the invitation from Viscount Claneboye to go to Bangor in County Down
.
His arrival in Bangor began with the news that the Dean was a sick man and for three Sabbaths Blair preached at Bangor to the satisfaction of the congregation. The Dean shortly died and the Rev Robert Blair had his first hurdle to overcome – that of ordination. The official church was the Church of Ireland and episcopalian in practice, thus Blair could not be true to his beliefs and accept ordination by a bishop. However, the early years of the Plantation of Ulster was blessed by an enlightened view, encouraged by Archbishop Ussher, and a way round the quibbles was found. Bishop Knox knew of the reservations that Blair had and proposed that the ordination would be by the laying on of hands by the Rev Cunningham and other Presbyterian ministers. The Bishop then suggested that he would attend solely as a Presbyter which Blair was unable to refuse. Thus some simple machinations made it possible for his
ordination which took place on 10 July 1623.
Blair found that his new ministry was both large – over 1200 persons, and educationally backward. He set to work with great determination and preached four times a week, interspersing this with visiting people in their homes and helping them to read the scriptures and understand them . He also was active in stirring up others to like endeavours and worked most happily with the Rev Cunningham in nearby Holywood who preached for one another and celebrated the Communion four times a year in each of their
congregations annually.
His ministry in Bangor was not without incident as John Howie in `
Scots Worthies` relates two tales about the Rev Blair. The first
concerned a horse dealer who had sold his horses in Scotland and accepted a bond in payment which would be redeemed at Martinmas. Come the time the buyer , or as the dealer believed ,the Devil, demanded his surrender saying that he had sold himself , not his horses. The Devil demanded that the dealer kill someone and ordered him to kill the Rev Blair. The dealer called on the minister armed with a dagger but was unable to draw it out and fell trembling to the floor. On learning of the reason for the dealer`s visit Blair exhorted him to seek refuge in the Lord. Two weeks later the dealer called for Rev Blair to attend him in his sick bed and said that the Devil had again appeared to him and was to return to take him body and soul. Blair attended at the time and prayed all night with the man in defiance of the Devil such that the dealer was greatly
comforted and passed away peacefully and penitent.
The second tale was of Blair`s deliverance from a fire which could have killed him and possibly done severe damage to the house. This came about when his candle burnt out while he was late at his studies and he called for another. When it was brought by the landlady she saw that a joist of his bed was on fire – had he retired as usual and not been studying he may well have died The timeous alarm enabled the fire to be put out and
all was saved.
But in the autumn of 1631 the peace was shattered by the Bishops seeking to regain control and to enforce episcopacy. Robert Blair and
John
Livingston were suspended by the Bishop of Down and Connor, Echlin.
However an appeal to Archbishop Ussher saw their re instatement much to the displeasure of the Bishop who appealed to Archbishop Laud in London. Laud had authority over all things ecclesiastical and also the ear of the King. Instructions were issued via the Irish government that the four leading Presbyterian ministers – Reverends Blair, Livingston, Welsh and Dunbar should be re – tried. This time Archbishop Ussher could not intervene as the King had endorsed the order. In May 1632 all four were required to conform to episcopacy and on refusing were deposed from the
ministry.
On this occasion Blair took himself to London to seek the intervention of King Charles I. After some delay the King saw Blair and his petition for reinstatement which he signed and indorsed “ Indulge these men, for they are Scotsmen “. However, the new Lord Deputy of
Ireland was Thomas Wentworth. later Earl of Strafford, who did
not come to Ireland until July 1633. Blair soon found that that Wentworth had his own agenda for the Presbyterians and the outlook became black indeed..It was at this time that thoughts
turned to the possibility of asylum in the American colonies.
Fate then played a cruel trick on the ministers when in May 1634 Wentworth allowed their re instatement for six months. This was done at the behest of Lord Castlestuart, a Presbyterian nobleman, to which Wentworth yielded for political advantage. The reinstatement was , however, short lived as Bramhall, Bishop of Derry took great exception and remonstrated with Wentworth. So it was that in the November of 1634 Blair and his colleaques were summoned before Bishop Echlin and the sentence of excommunication passed on them. Blair responded by demanding the Bishop should appear before the Tribunal of Jesus Christ to answer for his deed. A few months later Echlin fell sick and on his death bed admitted to his physician of the cause “ It is my conscience, man .” Echlin died in 1635 and was replaced by Henry Leslie, an equally obstreperous individual. who on 11 August passed sentence of ` perpetual silence within this diocese ` on five ministers – the Reverends Brice, Ridge, Cunningham , Calvert and
Hamilton.
Blair had lost his first wife Beatrix , the daughter of Robert Hamilton, a merchant in Edinburgh in 1627. and had been left with the care of three young children. .Early in 1635 he sought to marry Catherine Montgomery, daughter of Hugh , Viscount Montgomery of the Ards. Following a visit to Scotland the couple were married in May 1636. After his excommunication Blair had continued to preach in his own house or that of others but with the ongoing persecution by the Bishops he joined with John Livingston and others to go to the New World on board the “ Eaglewing “ . The little ship of only 150 tons set sail on 9 September 1636 but it was not meant to be as battered by heavy seas she returned to Ireland on 3 November . The failure of that attempt at emigration was a watershed for the Rev Blair as soon after the return his son William died and to add to his burden it was learnt that he and John Livingston were to be arrested. Thus they hastily retreated to Irvine where fresh tribulations awaited as he was forbidden to preach. Once again he sought to leave the country and to join a regiment stationed in French but was frustrated in this. Eventually his first wife`s sister, Barbara Hamilton , petitioned the Privy Council and he was allowed to
preach once more.
In 1638 Blair was assistant for a while to the Rev McAnnan in Ayr where he was favourably received so much so that he disobeyed an order of the General Assembly in 1638 to remove to St Andrews. In 1639 the Assembly, annoyed at the delay, peremptorily ordered him to go to St Andrews where he was to minister for some twenty three years. But there was good in the transfer for at the same time the Rev Samuel Rutherford of Anwoth, was transferred to become Professor of Divinity at St Mary`s College. So began some twenty years of companionship and working
together.
These were turbulent times and Robert Blair was several times called to assist the Church and the Army. In the Bishops` Wars Blair was with Lord Boyd`s force that formed part of Leslie`s army at Duns Law. After the victory at Newburn in the Second Bishop`s War he was sent by the Committee of Estates to be wise counsel to the Commissioners at the Treaty of Ripon in October 1641 . The negotiations were then transferred to London. where he
attended with Robert Baillie and George Gillespie.
In 1641 the rebellion in Ireland had driven many ministers from the land and the General Assembly of 1642 received a number of requests for help. Inevitably Robert Blair was one of the ministers who went back to Ireland to preach sometimes twice a day on the Sabbath and also at field meetings to large gatherings. On returning from Ireland Blair was appointed to the Committee of the General Assembly and in the autumn of 1643 was instrumental
in the drafting of the Solemn League and Covenant .
Blair still had service to give the army when in 1643 he was appointed minister with the Earl of Crawford`s regiment and was at many of the engagements in which this regiment took part. including Marston Moor in July 1644 After the regiment was withdrawn and sent to deal with the incursions by the Marquis of Montrose he returned to St Andrews. In July 1645 he was at the Parliament and Commission of the Kirk sitting in Perth and took the opportunity to preach to the soldiers of the Fife and Midlothian Foot ( at Forgandenny on 27 July 1645) when he prophesied that they would be punished for their sins and dissolute ways unless they repented. The soldiers seem not to have done so as on 15 August 1645 the regiment was destroyed by Montrose`s forces at Kilsyth. After this defeat there were moves by some Covenanters to talk to Montrose which Blair strongly opposed until General David Leslie was able to return from England and finally defeat
Montrose at Philliphaugh on 13 September.
In 1646 Blair was Moderator of the General Assembly and was despatched with Andrew Cant and Robert Douglas to see King Charles I at Newcastle where Alexander Henderson was already engaged in trying to bring the King to accept Presbytery and the Covenants, Despite great endeavour the king obstinately refused to accept their arguements and Blair returned to St Andrews. In August 1646 Alexander Henderson died and the King appointed Blair to replace him as the King`s Chaplain in Scotland. With some trepidation Blair took up the task and with his usual diligence prayed twice daily before dinner and supper. He also preached weekdays in the church and took the opportunity to discuss prelacy, liturgies and ceremonials with the king. Both then and later – when again despatched by the General Assembly to talk to the King, he met
obstinatcy and refusal.
Although he must have known of the issues, it does not seem that Blair was in the front line in the debate about ` the Engagement ` a treaty by some Scottish Royalists to support King Charles in the Civil War in England. came to naught when Oliver Cromwell dealt out a thorough defeat at Preston in August 1648. But it was Blair , the Rev David Dickson and Rev James Guthrie who were sent to speak with Oliver Cromwell and elicit his views on rule by a monarchy, religous toleration and whether the church should be Episcopal, Independent or Presbyterian. Cromwell declined to answer the last question which prompted Blair to comment subsequently that Cromwell was “ A dissembler and great
liar “.
1649 saw the end of King Charles I beneath the headsman`s axe and a new furore among the Presbyterians who did not support the execution of a Scottish King by the English. The alliance with the English Parliamentarians quickly folded, accelerated by the Scots declaration accepting the Crown Prince as King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. The duplicity of King Charles II was dealt with by Cromwell at Worcester in 1651 and he fled to France. The next ten years saw bitter arguement and counter accusation between the hard line Covenanters and the moderates until the Restoration of Charles II in 1660. Then came the dark
despondency brought about by persecution of the Presbyterians.
An early herald of this for Robert Blair was the appointment of the Rev James Sharp of Crail, who took the bribe of elevation to Archbishop of St Andrews. Blair was scathing in his criticism of Sharp despising him for the arch turn coat he was . In 1662 Blair and hundreds of other Presbyterian ministers was ` outed ` from their ministries and he was confined to his quarters in Edinburgh, then allowed to retire to Inveresk. After a while he was allowed to move around, except to St Andrews, and went to Kirkcaldy where he continued to preach at private meetings and taught his younger son the Greek language and logic. Here again the pernicious blight and spite of Archbishop Sharp followed him when an act was introduced prohibiting an outed minister residing within 20 miles of the archbishops see.. Thus in February 1666 Blair moved to Meikle Couston in the Parish of Aberdour where surrounded by many friends he passed away on 27
July. He lies buried in Aberdour kirk yard.
Perhaps his epitaph is well described by an English merchant who visited St
Andrews and heard Blair preach who said :
“ I heard a
sweet majestic man and he showed me the majesty of God “
