Donald Cargill
Rev Donald Cargill .

In every group or society there is always someone that everyone turns to for advice or guidance on a topic, and so it was with the Rev. Donald Cargill. By nature said to be timid and shrinking from confrontation, yet this belies the steel in his backbone that enabled him to be a constant source of guidance, direction and authorship of Declarations by the strong principled Cameronians.
The son of Laurence Cargill, a notary and gentleman of Rattray in Perthshire he was born about 1619 but it was not until 1655 that he was ordained for the ministry of the Barony Church in Glasgow His father had some difficulty in getting the young Donald to study divinity and at one point he was set upon leaving Glasgow fearing that he was not up to the task. It is said that he was in the act of mounting his horse when a local woman berated him for leaving having “ appointed a meal for poor hungry people , and will ye go away and not give it ?“
He stayed but was among the 300 ministers who were ejected from their church by the Earl of Middleton`s Act of Presentation and Collation in 1662. He and his family were ordered not to live anywhere on the south side of the River Tay and to take what belonged to him out of Glasgow by the first of November 1662. else he would be liable to imprisoned as “ a seditious person “.
It seems that any early timidity and concern of being a minister had left him by the time he was outed but was compounded by the sad loss of his wife, Margaret Brown, after only one year of marriage . Left with no real family ties, he became very active in field preaching and private prayer meetings interspersed with only a short break in Holland. In this time the field preaching or ` conventicles ` became more and more frequent and of concern to the government such that by 1670 they were being declared illegal . In 1678 an Act was passed to enable military forces to be raised for the suppression of conventicles. With this came a hated tax, called the cess , to pay for the maintenance of the troops. But undaunted the conventicles continued – in one area of Lanark in February/April 1679 twenty Sabbath meetings were held in a row.
A feature of conventicles in the 1670s was the increasing number of armed members of the congregation , and perhaps not surprisingly, the soldiers tended to leave very large meetings alone. This however, also gave rise to problems of conscience and some ministers felt that there needed to be an explanation and justification for this action. So it was, following a conventicle at Avondale, May 25th 1679, that the leaders – Robert Hamilton, David Hackston, John Balfour of Kinloch, consulted with Donald Cargill. The result was the issue of another Declaration on Thursday 29 May, a day set aside for the celebration of King Charles`s restoration. On this occasion Robert Hamilton and some 80 horsemen set off to issue it in Glasgow but found the way too strongly guarded. They ended up at the market cross in the royal burgh of Rutherglen where the document was read. The party then cast into the celebratory bonfires ( for Kings Charles ) copies of the Act Recissory ( that had annulled all the acts of parliament from 1640 to the Reformation in 1660); the Act of Supremacy which asserted the King was superior in all things; the Declaration which condemned the Covenants; the Act rejecting the Presbyterian Church and establishing prelacy and the Act of Presentation and Collation . When this was done a copy of the Declaration was hung on the market cross, a prayer said and the party returned to Avondale.
Although in relatively mild language the Declaration at Rutherglen alarmed the government and two days later John Graham of Claverhouse was given full powers to look for its authors. Thus it was that he arrived in Hamilton on the evening of Saturday 31st May and unleashed his soldiers on the town. They found the Rev John King in bed and he and 17 other people wre seized. From this action it seems that Claverhouse learned of the conventicle at Drumclog where he was to be put to flight by the Covenanters the next day.
Donald Cargill was again involved with trying to sort out policy as the Covenanters argued and fell out with one another in the period before the disaster at Bothwell Bridge. Again the Covenanters favourite device of another Declaration was involved, this time debating whether the softer line of the Indulged ( those ministers who accepted a compromise of some forms of prelacy and ` owned ` the king). Cargill was representative of the majority who rejected the softer line of John Welch.. Despite having been out voted, Welch nevertheless had his version of the Declaration published at Hamilton, Glasgow, Lanark, Ayr and Irvine and became known as the ` Hamilton Declaration `. The result was yet another drafting task for Donald Cargill to reject the Hamilton Declaration.
Between the 19th and 21st June there was constant coming and going between the two parties with Donald Cargill chief among the negotiators There then followed a peculiar turn of events when Welch and his group prepared a Supplication to present to the Duke of Monmouth who had meanwhile arrived with 15,000 royalist troops. In this the Rev John Blackadder was sent to Sir Robert Hamilton to get his signature on the document and to say that Donald Cargill begged him to subscribe to it. Hamilton signed believing that Cargill had genuinely asked and was therefore duped by Welch. However, the Supplication came to nothing with Hamilton rejecting the terms of surrender sent by the Duke of Monmouth and the Covenanters fell into defeat.
Another phase began for Donald Cargill after the disaster of Bothwell Bridge with his short relationship with the fearless Richard Cameron who had returned from Holland in the Spring of 1679. In the heated persecution after Bothwell Cargill and Thomas Douglas were two of the few who were brave enough to join Cameron and the three united in services at Darmead in Cambusnethan and at Auchengilloch a secluded glen south of Strathhaven. It was at these meetings that discussion took place about a statement to the world renouncing allegiance and disowning Charles II as a tyrant and usurper.
The Declaration of Sanquhar on 22nd June 1680 is major declaration of faith, and indeed of war, which is often ascribed to Richard Cameron but it is very likely that Donald Cargill was responsible for its actual writing. But before this there was another document of great moment that was not in fact published by the Covenanters. This was ` The Queensferry Papers “. On 3 June 1680 Donald Cargill was in Queensferry along with Henry Hall, of Haughhead a long time companion. He was a gentleman of some property and lived in the parish of Eckford about six miles south of Kelso. He was related to the Earl of Roxburgh . Middleton, the Governor of the nearby Blackness Castle ( used as a prison for Covenanters) was informed by the curates of Borrowstounnes and Carriden of the presence of Cargill and Hall and he immediately sought them out. By cunning and subterfuge Middleton ingratiated himself with them and bought wine. After taking a drink, Middleton demanded that they regard themselves as his prisoners . Henry Hall restrained Middleton while Cargill escaped but in the struggle Hall was wounded by Thomas George, an excise man ( ` waiter `) who struck him on the head with a carbine. Some women took him to a country house and doctors were brought , but Dalziel of the Binns, of Rullion Green fame, lived nearby and he came with guards and seized him. Although it was plain to se that Hall was dying, Dalziel took him away to Edinburgh, but his prisoner died on the way. It was in the search of his clothing that the highly incriminating papers were found. Thus its existence came to public notice from the government and was not published by the Covenanters.
The Queensferry Papers was a strongly worded and skilfully written policy document or manifesto which attained its title from the place in which it was discovered. It was a confession of faith and also a rejection of sinful and wicked rulers and the tyranny that came from government by a single person ie the king. As such it was a bold and dangerous document which meant certain death for the authors.
The Sabbath after the Ayrsmoss battle of 22 July 1680 at which Richard Cameron and his brother Michael had fallen, Donald Cargill preached the sermon choosing as his text “ Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel “ But there was soon to follow a momentous meeting at Torwood , between Larbert and Stirling, in October 1680. Here he preached a sermon based on “ Thus saith the Lord God, Remove the diadem and take off the Crown “. When he had done preaching he them solemnly continued to excommunicate Charles Stuart, King of England; James, Duke of York; James, Duke of Monmouth; John, Duke of Lauderdale; John, Duke of Rothes; Sir George MacKenzie ( the Kings Advocate also known as Bluidy MacKenzie ); and Thomas Dalzell of the Binns.
Cargill preached his last sermon at Dunsyre and it was the following morning 12 July 1681 at Covington Mill, where he had been resting, that James Irvine of Bonshaw captured him and his companions, Walter Smith and James Boig. They were taken first to Glasgow then to Edinburgh with their captor no doubt anxious to collect the 5000 merks reward for Cargill. They were soon sentenced to be be executed and on 27 July 1681 Donald Cargill climbed the ladder saying
“ I go up this ladder with less fear, confusion, or perturbation of mind, than ever I entered a pulpit to preach. “.
After the execution, as was the custom for traitors, his head was hacked off and suspended above the Netherbow Gate alongside that of his great friend Richard Cameron.
